Regulatory DNA changes have made a huge impact on the evolution of human-specific traits. A study in the latest issue of Nature covers not just the usual stuff, like what has been added in evolution to make us distinctly ‘human’, but rather what was lost.
We’re obviously different from animals and the researchers set out to find some molecular occurrences that are present in chimpanzees and other mammals but not in people – they found 583, which they call hCONDELs, 510 which were validated, mostly in nonfunctional DNA. One instance sure to catch attention is deletion of a penile spine enhancer from the human androgen receptor (AR) gene, a change correlated with a change in human anatomy – namely loss of penile spines.




